Difference Between OOP and POP: A Comparative Analysis

Knowing the fundamental programming paradigms is essential in the always changing field of Software Development. Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) and Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) are the two most common in the field of programming. While both aim to create applications and provide solutions to problems, the Difference Between OOP and POP lies in their tasks. 

Table of Contents 

1) What is OOP?  

2) What is POP? 

3) Key Difference Between OOP and POP  

4) Benefits and Drawbacks of OOP 

5) Benefits and Drawbacks of POP 

6) Conclusion 

What is OOP? 

OOP, which stands for Object-Oriented Programming, is a paradigm that organises software designs around the objects instead of logic and function. An object can be defined as a data field that has exclusive quality and behaviour. OOP languages, such as Python, Java, and C++, use objects and classes.  

The key principles of OOP are encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism and abstraction. These principles of OOP help in diminishing the programming complexity and effort, making OOP a widely used principle in development. 

1) Encapsulation: It bundles the data and methods that operate on the data into a single unit. 

2) Inheritance: It allows new classes to inherit properties and methods from existing classes, promoting code reusability. 

3) Polymorphism: Polymorphism facilitates objects to be treated as instances of their parent class, allowing methods to perform different tasks based on the object. 

4)  Abstraction: It hides complex implementation details and shows only the essential features of an object.
 

 

What is POP? 

Procedural Oriented Programming is a programming paradigm where different functions are embedded to perform specific tasks. Essentially, this means creating procedures or routines to operate the program. This is the basic principle of procedural oriented programming, also known as procedural programming. 

Procedural Oriented Programming is a programming technique where several functions are created for specific tasks. In POP, problems are tackled as a sequence of actions, such as reading, calculating, and printing. 

Key Difference Between OOP and POP 

Here are the key differences between OOP and POP:

1) Definition 

Object-Oriented Programming 

Object-Oriented Programming is a programming model that structures software design around data or objects instead of focusing on functions and logic. An object is essentially a data entity with specific attributes and behaviour. 

Procedural Oriented Programming 

The programming technique known as Procedural Oriented Programming places more focus on the functions or processes required for calculation than on the actual data. POP is the process for breaking down of task into a collection of variables and procedures utilising a set of instructions. 

2) Approach 

Object-Oriented Programming 

OOP places more emphasis on the objects that Developers want to mold instead of the logic required to mold them. Large, complicated software that is regularly updated or maintained is a good fit for this development style. 

Procedural Oriented Programming 

Basically, POP uses the sequence of instructions to break down the program into functions. The variables are shared by these functions and data is exchanged between them. Mainly it uses the step-by-step approach. 

3) Program Organisation 

Object-Oriented Programming 

OOP uses a bottom-up method, which starts with particulars and then moves to higher theoretical levels. 

Procedural Oriented Programming 

POP uses the top-down approach to organise information and to break down the program into a sequence of functions or procedures.  

4) Access Modifiers 

Object-Oriented Programming 

OOP’s uses access modifiers to protect the data and the keyword in Object-Oriented Programming controls the accessibility of the methods, classes and other members. 

Procedural Oriented Programming 

Access Modifier in POP limits the access to the class in which variable or method is declared. No other class in POP can access it, even those in the same subclass. 

5) Data Security 

Object-Oriented Programming 

Encapsulation is the process in OOP which helps to protect the integrity of data and prevent unauthorised access. To implement the encapsulation in OOP, access modifiers are used such as public, protected and private. 

Procedural Oriented Programming 

In POP, any function on the system can access the information within the function as it does not provide data hiding, and there is no additional method to secure the data.   

6) Inheritance 

Object-Oriented Programming 

Inheritance is one of the key components of Object-Oriented Programming. This programming technique makes it possible to reprocess the code by referencing an object's data and behaviours. Stated otherwise, a class that inherits from another class has all the properties and methods of the referenced class. 

Procedural Oriented Programming 

Procedural Oriented Programming does not support the concept of inheritance.  

7) Overloading 

Object-Oriented Programming 

Overloading in OOP’s has the ability to define multiple methods with the same name, but the set of arguments will be different. It also allows the method with the same name to be declared more than once.  

Procedural Oriented Programming 

Overloading is not possible in Procedural Oriented Programming. 

8) Abstraction 

Object-Oriented Programming 

Along with the encapsulation and inheritance abstraction is one of the primary principles of OOP language. With the help of the process of abstraction programmer hides all the relevant data about an object or project to reduce complication and increase the performance.  

Procedural Oriented Programming 

Abstraction in Procedural Oriented Programming helps in writing functions and procedures that perform particular tasks and hide complexity. It simplifies the implementation details and presents a clear inface for the user so that they can easily interact with it. 

9) Data Importance 

Object-Oriented Programming 

Data plays a vital role in Object-Oriented Programming. Data is more important than functions as it plays a significant role in shaping the structure and behaviour of objects.  

Procedural Oriented Programming 

In POP, the functions and the sequence of actions are more important than the data because the procedural programming is based on the unreal world.  

10) Code Reusability 

Object-Oriented Programming 

Code reusability in Object-Oriented Programming is the ability in which the code can be reused in multiple contexts with small or no modifications because it supports modularity and extensibility. 

Procedural Oriented Programming 

In Procedural Oriented Programming, the code is not reusable as it is written and designed for specific tasks. 

11) Example 

Object-Oriented Programming 

The most common examples of Object-Oriented Programming languages are Java, C++, VB.NET, Python, and C#.NET. 

Procedural Oriented Programming 

Some common examples of Procedural Programming are C, Fortran, VB, and Pascal. 

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Benefits and Drawbacks of OOP 

The following are the benefits and drawbacks of OOP:

Benefits of OOP 

1) Improved Software Maintainability: The design of OOP is modular, so in this case if there is any issue in the part of any system it can be resolved without any need of large changes in the system. 

2) Faster Development: The feature of reusable in OOP enables fast development as it comes with libraries of objects. The codes developed during projects can also be reuseable in the future.  

3) Higher Quality of Software: The development of software is faster at a low cost which allows more time and resources that can be used in the verification of software. Generally, the quality of the software is dependent on the experience and expertise of the team, which will give the best results. 

Drawbacks of OOP 

1) Large Size Program: Object-Oriented Program are much larger in size as compared to the other ones. In earlier days space on hard drives, floppy drives and memory was at very high cost but now there is no restriction on storage. 

2) Effort: There is a lot of work that needs to be done before creating a single piece of code. The programs are very large, so the programmers and the coders need to spend a lot of time on writing and an early effort also needs to be there before starting. 

3) Speed: The large size makes the OOP programs slower as compared to other ones. The programs need more system resources because of their large size. 

Benefits and Drawbacks of POP 

The following are the benefits and drawbacks of POP:

Benefits of POP 

1) Simplicity: Specially for beginners POP is very easy to understand. POP follows a top-down approach which makes it easier to follow the path of the program. 

2) Efficient Memory Usage: As compared to other languages procedural programming can be more efficient due to its linear nature. 

3) Functional Independence: It simplifies the testing, debugging and understanding of the program as each and every program in POP is designed to perform specific tasks independently. 

Drawbacks of POP 

1) Data Security: The data security in POP is compromised because the data is shared globally among procedures, which increases the risks. 

2) Limited Real-world Mapping: As Object-Oriented Programming the POP does not model real world entities which makes it less suitable and crucial in real world representation. 

3) Difficulty in Modification: Procedural Oriented Programming can become more complex and difficult as it comes to scaling and modification. 

Conclusion 

Understanding the Difference Between OOP and POP helps Developers choose the most suitable programming paradigm for their projects. OOP offers greater flexibility but requires thorough upfront planning, while POP is ideal for beginners or those who prefer incremental code development. 

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