Top 29 Types Of Psychology

Psychology is a broad field that encompasses various sub-disciplines, each focused on differ-ent aspects of Human Behaviour, cognition, and mental processes. Over the course of time, this study has branched into different Types of Psychology. A comprehensive overview of the different types of psychological studies can shed light on the key areas of focus within the field and make you more informed if you wish to seek help or pursue it as a career.  

According to Statista, about 36 per cent of people worldwide believe Mental Health is the biggest health issue their country is facing, while 26 per cent believe it to be stress. Understanding the various branches of Psychology can allow you can gain insights into the diverse approaches to caring for the Mental Health of people. Our aim is to present different Types of Psychology that will enhance your understanding of the field of Psychology and its applications.  

Table of Contents  

1)  What is Psychology?  

2) History of Psychology 

3) Different Types of Psychology  

      a) Abnormal Psychology  

      b) Clinical Psychology   

      c) Cognitive Psychology  

      d) Counselling Psychology  

      e) Comparative Psychology  

      f) Consumer Psychology  

      g) Cross-cultural Psychology  

      h) Developmental Psychology    

      i) Educational Psychology  

       j) Environmental Psychology  

4) How do I become a Psychologist 

5) Conclusion   

What is Psychology  

Psychology is the scientific study of the Human Mind, behaviour, and Mental Processes. It aims to understand, explain, and predict human behaviour, thoughts, and emotions. The origins of Psychology as a study can be traced back to ancient civilisations, where philosophers pondered the nature of the mind and human behaviour. The emergence of Modern Psychology can be attributed to key figures such as Wilhelm Wundt, who established the first psychology laboratory in 1879. 

History of Psychology 

Now let’s have a look at the overview of the history of Psychology in these three major schools: 

a) Behaviourism  

b) Humanism  

c) Cognitive theory  

Behaviourism 

Behaviourism thrived in the United States at the beginning of the 1930s. B.F. Skinner was setting the pace in exhibiting the power of operant conditioning with reinforcement. Skinner and his followers plainly excluded mental life, seeing the human mind as an unbreakable “black box” which is open only to conjecture and speculative fiction. Their work explained that social behaviour is easily affected by manipulating certain unforeseen circumstances and by altering the outcomes and rewards. Similarly, varieties of emotions, whether it is positive or negative, may be obtained by the process of behaviour modifications and can be changed with the application of the same principles. 

Humanism  

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow did not agree with Psychoanalysis and Behaviourism. They considered that thoughts and actions are managed by free will and the capacity of an individual for development. Humanists give importance to emotions and think people are normally good. The concept of this humanism approach shows that humans have an inherent desire to reach personal fulfilment or become the best version of themselves. According to humanists, reaching this level is not an easy task, and there are various other factors, such as psychosocial needs, that an individual must take into consideration before chasing personal-fulfilment.

Cognitive theory 

Cognitive theory was introduced in the 1970s and this is one of the most recent theoretical frameworks in Psychology. Cognitive theorists think that we receive information from our atmosphere by our senses and then handle the data by managing it, remembering it, manipulating it and connecting it to information we have already obtained in our mind.  

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Different Types of Psychology   

Major branches of Psychology refer to the distinct areas or subfields within the discipline that focus on specific aspects of Human Behaviour, cognition, and Mental Processes. These branches represent specialised areas of study and research that contribute to our understanding of the complexities of the human mind.   

Each branch emphasises different aspects of Human Behaviour, such as Mental Health, cognition, growth and development, social interactions, and the influence of various factors. Studying these branches allows researchers and practitioners to gain insights into specific domains of Human Psychology and apply their knowledge to various practical and theoretical contexts.  Some of the major types of Psychology are as follows:

Abnormal Psychology 

This specialisation focuses on studying Psychological Disorders and atypical behaviours. It seeks to understand the causes, symptoms, and treatment of these conditions, aiming to promote Mental Health and well-being.   

Behavioural Psychology  

Behavioural Psychology mainly focuses on understanding one of the most basic types of human actions. Behavioural Psychologists carry out research to understand what compels Human Behaviour and how the mind links with behaviour. This type of Psychology may include enhancing negative behaviour like addictions.   

Biopsychology  

Biopsychology is an integrative Type of Psychology that inspects how the brain, neurotransmitter and other factors of biology affect Human Behaviour, feelings and thoughts. This type of Psychology is also called Psychological Psychology, Psychobiology or Behavioural Neuroscience. Biopsychologists often analyse how biological procedures engage with cognitions, emotions and other Mental Functions.   

Clinical Psychology  

Clinical Psychology focuses on assessing, diagnosing, and treating mental disorders and psychological distress. Clinical Psychologists employ various therapeutic approaches to help individuals improve their emotional and Mental Health. They work with clients to address issues such as anxiety, depression, trauma, and relationship difficulties. Clinical Psychologists often work in private practice, hospitals, Mental Health clinics, or research settings. They conduct Psychological assessments, provide Psychotherapy, and collaborate with other healthcare professionals in other fields to provide care and ensure the well-being of patients.  

Cognitive Psychology  

Cognitive Psychology explores mental processes such as perception, attention, memory, language, and problem-solving. It investigates how individuals acquire, process, and use information. Cognitive psychologists use experimental methods and psychological theories to study cognitive phenomena.   

They examine topics like cognitive development, decision-making, and the impact of cognitive processes on behaviour. Cognitive Psychology provides insights into human thought processes, memory formation, and cognitive biases. It has practical applications in fields like education, human-computer interaction, and clinical settings where understanding and improving cognitive functioning is crucial.  

Counselling Psychology  

Counselling Psychology focuses on helping individuals navigate personal, social, and emotional challenges. It involves providing therapy, guidance, and support to promote Mental Health, personal growth, and well-being. Counselling Psychologists work with clients to address a wide range of issues, such as problems regarding career transitions, relationships, stress management and self-esteem.    

They employ various therapeutic approaches to facilitate positive change and help individuals develop coping strategies and effective problem-solving skills. Counselling Psychology is practised in settings such as Mental Health clinics, hospitals, schools, and private practices. 

Comparative Psychology  

This specialisation compares and studies the behaviour and mental processes of different animal species. Exploring similarities and differences across species provides insights into the evolutionary and biological foundations of behaviour., This phylogenetic history leads to an understanding of the continuity and diversity of psychological processes.   

Consumer Psychology  

This specialisation investigates individuals' behaviour and decision-making processes in the context of purchasing and consuming goods and services. It examines factors influencing consumer choices, preferences, and responses to marketing strategies, helping businesses effectively understand and meet consumers' needs and desires.   

Cross-cultural Psychology  

This specialisation examines the influence of culture on Human Behaviour, cognition, and development. It investigates how cultural factors shape individuals' thoughts, emotions, and actions, exploring both the universal aspects of Human Behaviour and the variations across different cultural groups, fostering cultural understanding and inclusivity.   

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Developmental Psychology  

Developmental Psychology studies human growth and development of one's mind and thought process across the lifespan. It examines physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes that occur from infancy to old age. Developmental psychologists investigate development factors, including genetics, environment, and cultural influences.   

They explore areas such as child psychology, adolescent transitions, and ageing processes. Developmental Psychology contributes to understanding how individuals change and mature over time, identifying critical milestones, and examining the impact of various experiences on development. This knowledge informs educational practices, parenting strategies, and interventions aimed at optimising human development. 

Educational Psychology   

Educational Psychology explores how individuals learn and develop within educational settings. It investigates factors that influence learning, instructional methods, motivation, and the assessment of learning outcomes. Educational Psychologists study cognitive processes, learning theories, and developmental psychology to better understand how to enhance teaching and learning.  

Educational Psychologists may be involved in designing educational programs, conducting assessments, and providing guidance to teachers and administrators. Educational Psychology informs instructional strategies, curriculum development, and the creation of inclusive learning environments, ultimately improving educational practices and fostering optimal student development and achievement. 

Environmental Psychology 

This specialisation studies the interactions between individuals and their physical and social environments. It explores how the environment influences behaviour, well-being, and perception, examining topics such as the impact of natural and built environments on individuals' psychological processes and the promotion of sustainable and healthy environments.   

Evolutionary Psychology  

This specialisation explores how psychological processes have evolved to adapt to our environment. It investigates behaviours and cognitive functions from an evolutionary perspective, examining how they contribute to survival and reproductive success, shedding light on the biological and adaptive basis of Human Behaviour.   

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Experimental Psychology  

This specialisation utilises controlled experiments to investigate various psychological phenomena. It explores areas such as perception, memory, learning, and decision-making, using empirical methods to uncover fundamental principles of Human Behaviour and cognition.   

Forensic Psychology 

Forensic Psychology applies psychological principles to legal and criminal justice contexts. It involves the application of psychological knowledge in areas such as criminal profiling, eyewitness testimony, and the assessment of individuals within the legal system.    

Forensic Psychologists may evaluate the competency of individuals to stand trial, assess risk, or provide expert testimony. They also work in correctional facilities, providing counselling and rehabilitation services to offenders. Forensic Psychology intersects with law enforcement, courts, and mental health services, aiming to contribute to the understanding and application within the legal and criminal justice systems.  

Health Psychology  

Health Psychology examines the psychological factors that influence health, illness, and healthcare. It explores topics such as stress, health behaviours, coping mechanisms, and the mind-body connection. Health Psychologists investigate how psychological factors interact with biological, social, and environmental factors to impact physical well-being.    

Health Psychologists may study health promotion, prevention, and adherence to medical treatments. Health Psychology informs strategies for behaviour change, patient education, and the development of interventions to improve health outcomes. Health Psychologists may work in healthcare settings, research institutions, or as part of interdisciplinary healthcare teams.   

Industrial-organisational Psychology  

Industrial-Organisational (I-O) psychology applies psychological principles to the workplace. It focuses on areas such as employee selection, performance evaluation, motivation, leadership, and organisational behaviour. I-O psychologists strive to enhance productivity, employee satisfaction, and well-being in work settings.    

They conduct research on topics like job satisfaction, team dynamics, and organisational culture. I-O psychologists may be involved in designing training programs, improving job satisfaction, implementing organisational change, and providing guidance on personnel selection and development strategies to optimise individual and organisational performance.   

Military Psychology  

Military Psychology applies psychological principles to understand and address the challenges faced by currently serving and retired military personnel. It focuses on areas such as combat stress, trauma, leadership, and resilience, aiming to support the psychological well-being, performance, and adjustment of military personnel and their families in military settings. 

Media Psychology  

Media Psychology examines the effects of media on individuals' behaviour, attitudes, and perceptions. It investigates how media influences individuals' thoughts, emotions, and behaviours, exploring topics such as media consumption, media literacy, and the psychological impact of media content, aiming to enhance our understanding of the role of media in society. 

Neuropsychology 

Neuropsychology studies the relationship between Brain function and Behaviour. It investigates how brain injuries, diseases, and neurological conditions impact cognitive abilities, emotions, and behaviour. Neuropsychologists use various psychological tools and techniques to evaluate cognitive functioning and assist in diagnosing and treating neurological disorders.    

They may work with individuals who have experienced traumatic brain injuries, strokes, or neurodegenerative diseases. Neuropsychology contributes to understanding the brain psychology and informs rehabilitation approaches, cognitive interventions, and treatment planning for individuals with neurological conditions

Occupational Psychology  

Occupational Psychology is the process of studying Human Behaviour in the workplace. It is a functional discipline within the Psychology field. Occupational Psychologists assist in organisations or companies' success by enhancing motivation, job satisfaction and performance.  This type of Psychology also includes the overall health and safety of the workers. Occupational Psychologists conduct thorough research on the behaviours and the attitudes of the workers.  They also find methods to improve their behaviours and attitudes with management systems, training programs and hiring practices. 

Positive Psychology  

This specialisation examines factors that contribute to well-being, happiness, and human flourishing. It emphasises positive emotions, character strengths, resilience, and the pursuit of a meaningful life, aiming to enhance individuals' overall Psychological well-being and quality of life.   

Personality Psychology  

This Type of Psychology concept is the behaviour of studying an individual’s personality. Personality Psychologists carry out research based on personality traits, biology, evolution, humanism, social learning and behaviour in order to determine what makes a human unique. They also understand how personality grows and its similarities as variances. Personality Psychologists analyse, detect and treat personality disorders that negatively affect an individual’s quality of life. 

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Psychometric Psychology  

Psychometric Psychology, also known as psychometrics, is a subfield of Psychology that focuses on the measurement of psychological attributes through Psychological tests. These tests are useful to understand employees, customers, children or patients. There are some examples of these tests, such as aptitude or IQ tests, that help in measuring a person’s intelligence and capability to perform specific tasks. 

Rehabilitation Psychology  

Rehabilitation Psychology is all about studying and using Psychology to help people who have disabilities because of accidents or illnesses. Rehabilitation Psychologists work in teams to figure out and treat problems with thinking, feelings, and daily activities. They help individuals to get past obstacles that might stop them from taking part in their everyday lives. These Psychologists do practical work, research, and speak up for people with disabilities, all with the main aim of helping them become more independent and have more chances in life. 

Research Psychology  

Research Psychology is also known as experimental Psychology, in which Psychologists study human memory, attention, decision-making, learning, sensation, perception and emotion. Research Psychologists usually publish their discoveries and share their outcomes with others in this field in order to provide significant information that enhances industry knowledge. This process also includes creating and analysing experiments and developing assumptions. 

Social Psychology  

Social Psychology investigates how social interactions and the presence of others influence individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviours. It examines topics such as social perception, attitudes, conformity, group dynamics, and interpersonal relationships.   

Social Psychologists study how people form impressions of others, how social norms influence them, and how they navigate social situations. They explore phenomena like obedience, persuasion, prejudice, and cooperation. Understanding Social Psychology helps shed light on human behaviour in social contexts and informs fields such as marketing, organisational behaviour, and intergroup relations.  

Sports Psychology  

Sports Psychology applies psychological principles to enhance athletic performance, motivation, and mental well-being in sports. It focuses on areas such as goal setting, concentration, confidence, and managing performance-related stress. Sports Psychologists may work with individual athletes, teams, or sports organisations to optimise performance and well-being.   

Sports Psychologists may provide techniques for improving focus, reducing anxiety, and enhancing motivation. Sports Psychology involves understanding the psychological aspects of sports, such as the impact of mental states on physical performance and the development of effective strategies for athletic success.  

School Psychology 

This specialisation focuses on supporting students' academic and social-emotional development within educational settings. School psychologists address issues such as learning disabilities, behaviour problems, and Mental Health concerns, promoting a positive school climate and providing interventions that enhance students' well-being and educational outcomes. 

How do I become a Psychologist?  
 

 

Conclusion  

In conclusion, this blog has provided a comprehensive overview of the major Types of Psychology. From clinical and cognitive Psychology to developmental and social psychology, each branch offers unique insights into different aspects of human behaviour and Mental Processes. By understanding these branches, we gain a deeper appreciation for the complexities of the human mind and the diverse areas of study within the field of Psychology. 

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